ONWARD Medical develops epidural electrical stimulation (EES) systems for spinal cord injury rehabilitation, combining BCI-decoded brain signals with targeted spinal cord stimulation. The company's ARC-EX (external) and ARC-IM (implanted) systems received FDA Breakthrough Device Designations. ONWARD's landmark 2023 Nature paper (with EPFL's Gregoire Courtine) demonstrated that BCI-decoded walking intent combined with epidural spinal stimulation enabled a chronically paralyzed patient to walk with continuous intent in real time. ONWARD briefly acquired Blackrock Neurotech before divesting the asset.